Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Crisis - Essay Example TESCO'S has garnered a big share of the retail industry market. But complaints have been lodged by competing stores for government to make an inquiry into its bully boy tactics. Tesco with over 180 stores in England is offering up to 40% discounts to its present and prospective customers. The stores affected are Asda and Yorkshire's chain Proudfoot. Tesco uses its vast Clubcard database to give it access to detailed information about shoppers that no other retailer can match. (Harrison & Enz,Hospitality Strategic Management,p145,USA,John Wiley & Sons,2005) It also owns a controlling stake in an information company, Dunnhumby, which sells data to third parties. Sales of Tesco has increased due to this strategy. "Calls for an end to Tesco's bully-boy tactics have grown too loud to ignore " this result to a call of full scale competition inquiry by govt. Elsewhere, Lee Scott, the president of Wal-Mart, which owns Asda, has called for government intervention to halt Tesco's rapid growth on the grounds that it is increasingly hard to compete. Sainsbury's chief executive, Justin King, has demanded changes to stop Tesco's market share "climbing to 40% in short order". Ref: Julia Finch Saturday November 12, 2005 The Guardian COMMENT: This is another way of Macro strategy where the competitors ask government to intervene since Tesco is playing fair as their market share has been decreased and many smaller stores have closed up. In business, only the losers complain. The customers go to Tesco because of its lower prices. SAINSBURY'S has made public its first loss after many years of being one of the leaders in the supermarket industry in England. Its current loss of 38m pounds is a big disparity between its last year's 323m pounds. Sainsbury's, which last month was at the centre of takeover speculation, is struggling to turn itself around. It has been the subject of takeover by its competitor Asda. The main cause is that they have not filled up their stores shelves in time because they had not estimated the sales output. This Micro strategy has been rectified by its chief executive ,Justin King. Its stock market shares increased due to the new moves of it chief executive. "Sainsbury's chief executive Justin King recently admitted the firm had been failing to properly stock its shelves after struggling with faulty distribution systems. A reorganization of the business under Mr. King has already cost it 400m. However, he said the company was now aware of where it had gone wrong in the past and was work ing hard to try to put things right." Now, the shop has been opened again to regain its original foothold as one of the leading markets in England. It has also added additional product lines. Sainsbury's chairman Philip Hampton said he believed the retailer had the building blocks in place to achieve a turnaround. SAINSBURY'S key strategy: increase product quality, lower prices, improve product availability . Once the UK's biggest supermarket chain, Sainsbury's has since been overtaken by both Tesco and Asda. REFERENCE: (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4018407.stm)] General Electric's

What caused the dust bowl Essay Example for Free

What caused the dust bowl Essay In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson purchased the territory of Louisiana from the French government for $15 million. The Louisiana Purchase stretched from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from Canada to New Orleans, and it doubled the size of the United States and there was more to go. Thanks to the Louisiana purchased U.S. has gotten a better geographic, economic, social, and political stable. There was more land for the population to stretch out. More gold to be mine. Better education for the poverty. And finally there are the Democratic and Republican parties that change the political side of view. To begin the main thing that changed the U.S. when Louisiana was purchased was the new geographic of U.S. This was a really good thing for farmers and agriculture, and a lot of settlers found opportunities in the new land. There were more states for people to move into them. Also another good thing was that there were more railroads for transportation. One negative fact about people going to the west was that the Native Americans were losing their territory, and fighting each other for the least territory there was left. Another terrific victory about the Louisiana Purchase was the boost of economic that was improving. There were so many things happening at the same time when people were moving to the west. There were lots of inventions being made like the Steamboat, the Telegraph, the Steam Locomotive and many more. Another good thing that helps the economic was the gold rush in California 1841. Also industrialization affected the economic because goods began to be machine made rather than hand made. And finally there was the agriculture economic were there was lots of plantation of cotton and lots of invention for the farmers. Finally the westward expansion affected the U.S. in political views. One thing that U.S. got affected politically was that later on comes the civil war when states try to separate. Another way was slaves tried to escape from their owners. Also during that time Andrew Jackson becomes president. Andrew became a famous president by not following rules like the constitution and by adding Florida to the U.S. Finally the Democratic and Republican parties are invented.

Computer Service and Upgrade :: Business Plans Proposals

Computer Service and Upgrade World has not been the same since the invention of a smart machine called a computer. These days, computer has become an irreplaceable tool for human from manufacturing to online banking. People use computers to do various tasks and enjoy leisure times such as playing games, scheduling agenda, communicating via webcam, sharing files, and many others. Thus with the increasing use of computers, the possibility of having problems with computers becomes naturally higher. For instance, your computer can be easily infected with a virus program through insecure internet connection or your computer can even crashed frequently by some unknown reasons. In those cases, you may want a professional to help you figure out the real problems. Due to a high demand in computer services, five of us decided to establish a computer repair and upgrading company called ISU. ISU stands for Iowa Service and Upgrade which is founded recently on the 14th of June 2004. Our main office is located close to Maple dormitory which can be easily recognized by its brown brick color. The office can be reached easily through the main road in Ames called Lincoln Way. From Lincoln Way, you have to turns north onto Wallace road and then turn west onto Richardson Court. Below is the picture of our company’s logo: The blue figure represents the state of Iowa. We marked our company’s name inside the state figure so it symbolizes that our company is located in Iowa. Our slogan is â€Å"your friend is not the expert.† Many people who do not know about computers usually ask for help from their friends instead of using a professional service. Even though using professional service far more efficient compare to â€Å"friend† without any proficient knowledge or experience. Most of the time, bigger problems can occur if your friend did not fix the computers properly. What we are trying to say here is that you should not trust anybody except us, the professionals. Our services will include the following: First, we repair hardware from all brand of desktop and laptop computers. We presumed that most of our customers will want to ask us to do hardware compatibility check; given that a computer is consisted of many parts and those parts are connected to each other organically. Incompatibility makes it easy for the computer to be out of order, especially on a laptop computer with its integrated keyboard, monitor, and hard drive.

Honest government Essay

Government is made up of individuals of all personality types and of all character types. As with any profession, department or organization, some individuals are more honest than others. It would be impossible with the broad and encompassing area that government consists of to expect â€Å"honest government. † In addition, what each person perceives as â€Å"honest government† can differ. Some people feel if a politician promises not to increase taxes and then discovers after being elected into office that tax increases are necessary, this to some would be considered dishonesty in government. Others might see it as a different perspective with new information available that the government official didn’t have accessible when making the original statement. There is no way that we can see, hear and be a part of all of the decisions and choices that government makes. Often, one’s direct supervisor is not even capable of knowing what their staff is doing, let alone an entire city, county, state or national government. The checks and balance system of our federal government is proving itself to be almost completely useless so as individuals we cannot â€Å"be all† and â€Å"monitor all. † As long as we have dishonest people and as long as those people enter government positions, there will be dishonest government. However, as stated earlier, we all have our individual perceptions of what is honest and dishonest so that plays a part in how we see the government’s activities also. One website on government dishonesty stated, â€Å"If we intend to live under a government where truth is valued, it must be demanded of our leaders. Those who cannot or will not be truthful must be voted out of office† (Whose, 2007). Many government officials are voted in so I suppose this can possibly refer to those positions. However, not all government positions are elected into their positions. This statement also assumes the next person for the position will be more honest than the former which most of us know isn’t necessarily the case. In conclusion, I do not feel that completely honest government is possible when we are filling government positions with humans, and humans are not perfect nor are they always honest. Reference (2007). Whose fault is government dishonesty? Retrieved June 28, 2007, from University Times Web site: http://www. umpi. maine. edu/utimes/content/view/52/8/

Perceptions and Causes of Psycho-pathology Essay

Psychopathology is the study of mental illness or disorders. Abnormal psychology is the study of understanding the nature, causes, and treatments of mental illness. This paper will discuss Psychopathology, give an overview of how culture is a factor determining the expression of psychopathology. Next the causes of psychopathology using the biopsychosocial models will be discuss and lastly, society’s perception of psychopathology overtime will be evaluated(Butcher, Mineka, Hooley, 2013). Culture & Psychopathology Culture can be defined as a way of life for a particular group of people. Every culture has its own set of rules and in some cases these rules are actual laws. In every culture there are shared values, beliefs, and behaviors that are acceptable because they are considered normal amongst everyone in that culture(Butcher, Mineka, Hooley, 2013). For example, in the United States it is customary for most children to own their own celluar phone, whereas a person from another country may think it is abnormal that a child as young as seven year old has a celluar phone. People set standards and norms based on what they are taught to follow growing up. Although most social rules are arbitrary, when an individual does not abide by the standards set, their cultural group deems that individual as behaving abnormally. There are behaviors that may apepar to be abnormal to one culture, but may accepted in another culture (Butcher et al., 2012). Additionally, there are disorders that are particular to a culture, based on the things that society has deem normal (Butcher et al., 2013). Studies have suggested that some culture-specific disorders are a â€Å"culturally determined symptom† associated with other disorders (Balhara, 2011, para 14). This idea seems to be supported by Butcher et al. (2013), who mentioned that one’s culture can influence the presentation of a person’s disorder. Culture and  Psychopathology go hand and hand because culture is what deciphers what is considered normal or abnormal. However, there are categories of psychopathology that are particular to certain cultures and are found only in particular areas of the world. Causes of Psychopathology When determining the cause of abnormal behavior one must differentiate between necessary, sufficient, and contributory causal factors. The three causal factors are necessary, sufficient, and contributory causes. The necessary cause is â€Å"if disorder Y occurs, then cause X must have preceded it.† The sufficient cause is â€Å"if cause X occurs, then disorder Y will also occur.† The contributory cause is If X occurs, then the probability of disorder Y increases(Butcher, Mineka, Hooley, 2013). Society’s Perception This is the next paragraph before the conclusion Conclusion The closing paragraph is designed to bring the reader to your way of thinking if you are writing a persuasive essay, to understand relationships if you are writing a comparison/contrast essay, or simply to value the information you provide in an informational essay. The closing paragraph summarizes the key points from the supporting paragraphs without introducing any new information. References Balhara, Y. P. S. (2011). Culture-bound syndrome: Has it found its right niche? Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine,33(2), 210-215. doi:10.4103/0253-7176.92055. Butcher, J. N., Mineka, S. & Hooley, J. M. (2013) Abnormal psychology (15th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Guarnaccia, P. & Pincay, I. M. (n.d.). Culture-specific diagnoses and their relationship to mood disorders. Retrieved from http://www.nrchmh.org/ResourcesDirectService/Culture-Specific%20Diagnoses%20and%20Their%20Relationship%20to%20Mood%20Disorders.pdf Rana, D. K., & Sharma, N. (2013). Culture and psychopathology. Asia-Pacific Journal of Social Sciences, 5(1), 121-134. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1516054490?accountid=458.

Practice These Italian Workbook Exercises

Practice These Italian Workbook Exercises Are you studying the Italian language? Here are some exercises to help you with your skills. Present Tense: First-Conjugation Regular Verbs A. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the indicated verb. Loro ________________ lentamente. (camminare)Tu ________________ la macchina. (guidare)Adriana non ________________ il quaderno. (trovare)Marco ________________ lorologio. (guardare)Io ________________ i biglietti. (comprare)Voi ________________ ad alta voce. (cantare)________________ fino a tardi voi? (lavorare)Io ________________ il ricevitore. (alzare)Noi ________________ la lezione. (imparare)Loro ________________ in ritardo. (arrivare) Present Tense: Second-Conjugation Regular Verbs B. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the indicated verb. Il professore non ________________. (rispondere)Noi ________________ un caffà ©. (bere)Loro ________________ un film. (vedere)Io ________________ la macchina. (vendere)Tu ________________ i giornali. (leggere)Io ________________ due aspirine. (prendere)Noi non ________________ la storia. (credere)Voi ________________ ogni sera. (correre)Anna Maria ________________ sempre le chiavi! (perdere)Roberta e Fabrizio ________________ volentieri delle lettere. (scrivere) Present Tense: Third-Conjugation Regular Verbs C. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the indicated verb. Loro ________________ il campanello. (sentire)Il cuoco ________________ le patate. (bollire)Franco ________________ la scatola. (aprire)Io ________________ il caffà © alle amiche. (offrire)Voi ________________ la verit. (scoprire)Noi ________________ la finestra. (aprire)Marcantonio ________________ bene. (vestire)Tu ________________ il pericolo. (sfuggire)Voi ________________ oggi. (partire)Io ________________ le bevande. (servire)

Essay about S4 104

Essay about S4 104 Essay about S4 104 Â §4.104 Schedule of ratings- cardiovascular system. Diseases of the Heart Rating Note 1: Evaluate cor pulmonale, which is a form of secondary heart disease, as part of the pulmonary condition that causes it. Note 2: One MET (metabolic equivalent) is the energy cost of standing quietly at rest and represents an oxygen uptake of 3.5 milliliters per kilogram of body weight per minute. When the level of METs at which dyspnea, fatigue, angina, dizziness, or syncope develops is required for evaluation, and a laboratory determination of METs by exercise testing cannot be done for medical reasons, an estimation by a medical examiner of the level of activity (expressed in METs and supported by specific examples, such as slow stair climbing or shoveling snow) that results in dyspnea, fatigue, angina, dizziness, or syncope may be used. 7000 Valvular heart disease (including rheumatic heart disease): During active infection with valvular heart damage and for three months following cessation of therapy for the active infection 100 Thereafter, with valvular heart disease (documented by findings on physical examination and either echocardiogram, Doppler echocardiogram, or cardiac catheterization) resulting in: Chronic congestive heart failure, or; workload of 3 METs or less results in dyspnea, fatigue, angina, dizziness, or syncope, or; left ventricular dysfunction with an ejection fraction of less than 30 percent 100 More than one episode of acute congestive heart failure in the past year, or; workload of greater than 3 METs but not greater than 5 METs results in dyspnea, fatigue, angina, dizziness, or syncope, or; left ventricular dysfunction with an ejection fraction of 30 to 50 percent 60 Workload of greater than 5 METs but not greater than 7 METs results in dyspnea, fatigue, angina, dizziness, or syncope, or; evidence of cardiac hypertrophy or dilatation on electro-cardiogram, echocardiogram, or X-ray 30 Workload of greater than 7 METs but not greater than 10 METs results in dyspnea, fatigue, angina, dizziness, or syncope, or; continuous medication required 10 7001 Endocarditis: For three months following cessation of therapy for active infection with cardiac involvement 100 Thereafter, with endocarditis (documented by findings on physical examination and either echocardiogram, Doppler echocardiogram, or cardiac catheterization) resulting in: Chronic congestive heart failure, or; workload of 3 METs or less results in dyspnea, fatigue, angina, dizziness, or syncope, or; left ventricular dysfunction with an ejection fraction of less than 30 percent 100 More than one episode of acute congestive heart failure in the past year, or; workload of greater than 3 METs but not greater than 5 METs results in dyspnea, fatigue, angina, dizziness, or syncope, or; left ventricular dysfunction with an ejection fraction of 30 to 50 percent 60 Workload of greater than 5 METs but not greater than 7 METs results in dyspnea, fatigue, angina, dizziness, or syncope, or; evidence of cardiac hypertrophy or dilatation on electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, or X-ray 30 Workload of greater than 7 METs but not greater than 10 METs results in dyspnea, fatigue, angina, dizziness, or syncope, or; continuous medication required 10 7002 Pericarditis: For three months following cessation of therapy for active infection with cardiac involvement 100 Thereafter, with documented pericarditis resulting in: Chronic congestive heart failure, or; workload of 3 METs or less results in dyspnea, fatigue, angina, dizziness, or syncope, or; left ventricular dysfunction with an ejection fraction of less than 30 percent 100 More than one episode of acute congestive heart failure in the past year, or; workload of greater than 3 METs but not

What Do Ivy League Schools Think of the ACT

What Do Ivy League Schools Think of the ACT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips As an ACT tutor, I often fielded questions about whether the test would be looked down on by admissions officers, especially those at Ivy League schools. Because the SAT was the dominant college admissions test for so long, many students and parents worry that- at least in the Northeast- schools still prefer the SAT over the ACT. However, that time has definitely passed, and schools will now accept either test equally. Read on for a more in-depth explanation of how Ivy League schools view the ACT today, and learn the differences in testing policies that might affect your decision to take the ACT or SAT. Ivy League Schools' Official Policies on the ACT Officially, all of the Ivy League schools accept both the ACT and SAT,as does every other school in the US.Harvey Mudd was the last no-ACT holdout,but it began accepting the test in 2007. â€Å"Since it’s a choice you can make, it has the feeling of being a significant choice, fraught with implication, but I don’t think it does matter,† Marlyn McGrath-Lewis, director of admissions at Harvard College, told the New York Times. â€Å"Either is fine with us, and we don’t have a feeling that either favors students with any particular profile.† According to ACT, Inc., "The ACT test is the nation’s most popular college entrance exam accepted and valued by all universities and colleges in the United States."The "most popular" comment is just marketing spin, but the basic point stands: every school in the US accepts the ACT and SAT equally. How These ACT Policies Actually Work As you now know, the Ivy League schools claim to view the ACT as equivalent to the SAT, but does that mean they actually do? It's impossible to be 100% sure, but I strongly believe the Ivy League schools treat the two tests equally. For one, I was unable to find any evidence that admissions officers have a preference for one test over the other. Moreover, there is no logical reason for admissions counselors to discriminate against students who take the ACT,especially since doing so is likely to cost them some exceptional students who happened not to take the SAT. If you examine the statistics on ACT and SAT scores among admitted students, some differences in how schools treat scores from the two tests do appear, but they're mostly meaningless. It's been said that there is a slight SAT advantage for students scoring on the low end of schools' accepted score ranges. So if you have the same percentile score on both tests (i.e., you do better than the same percentage of students who took the test), your SAT score will be more likely to get you into a college than your ACT score will be. However, this analysis is somewhat misleading because it doesn't take into account the fact that many students who don't plan ongoing to college take the ACT as part of statewide assessments, increasing the number of low-scoring students and slightly skewing the percentiles. Looking at the data for Ivy League schools, you'll also see that more admitted applicants submit SAT scores than they do ACT scores.However, this trend seems to be evening out. For example, when it comes toCornell's class of 2018, 79.7% submitted SAT scores while only 41.4% submitted ACT scores. Yet for the class of 2021, 63.7% submitted SAT scores and 55.9% submitted ACT scores. As you can see, even with these slight changes in percentages, the SAT is still a little more popular than the ACT is among Ivy League applicants. Although this might seem like evidence of bias, this difference is easily explained by regional preference:more than 50% of both the 2018 and 2021 Cornell classes hailed from the Northeast, where the SAT is much more common than the ACT. Yale University (in the winter, obviously) Ultimately, there's no compelling evidence that any schools, including members of the Ivy League, judge the ACT more harshly than they do the SAT.As such, you should ignore this perceived bias when deciding between the two tests. Instead, focus on determining which test is better for you. Since most students score similarly on the two, it's usually just a question of which test you feel more comfortable with. Alternatively, you might want totake both the ACT and SAT. Next up, let's go over the two differences in testing policies that might affect your decision of which test to take! Schools' Testing Policies: Superscoring and SAT Subject Tests Though colleges accept the ACT and SAT equally, schools can still have slight differences in what supplementary tests they require and in how they calculate your final score depending on which test you took. SAT Subject Tests Rarely, at some schools, if you submit ACT with Writing scores, you don’t have to submit SAT Subject Test scores. However, since many top-ranked schools no longer require SAT Subject Test scores, this policy has begun to disappear. At present, no Ivy League schools have this policy in place. That said,Duke is one selective schoolthat does allow applicants to submit an ACT with Writing score in lieu of SAT + two SAT Subject Test scores. For many students, SAT Subject Tests offer the opportunity to exhibit deep knowledge of a topic. Especially for the extremely competitive Ivy League schools, these tests can be a valuable part of your application (assuming you do well on them). Superscoring Superscoring- the process by which your highest component scores among multiple test dates are combined to create a new composite score- is a common practice for SAT scores. Generally speaking, though, admission committees don't superscorethe ACT.(This rule holds among all schools and not just the Ivy League ones.) While schools will still look at your highest ACT scores and some will consider individual section scores, few will combine ACT section scores from multiple test dates into a single superscoredcomposite. Though this policy might seem like a huge disadvantage to the ACT, it doesn't actually make that much of a difference. Policy by School This table breaks down the Ivy League schools' policies on SAT Subject Tests and superscoring. The second column indicates how many SAT Subject Tests the school requires/recommends. The third column explains the school's superscoringpolicy, which can be one of three options: Doesn't superscore at all Superscores the SAT but only looks at yourhighest composite ACT score Superscores the SAT and looks at your highestACT section scores Note that even schools that claim to superscore the ACT usually look at your highest ACT section scores withoutactually combining them to create a composite superscore (as they do with the SAT). School # of SAT Subject Tests Recommended/Required Superscoring Policy Brown 2 recommended Superscores SAT; considers highest ACT section scores but does not calculate superscore Columbia None Superscores SAT and ACT Cornell Varies by program (usually 0 or 2 required) Superscores SAT but not ACT Dartmouth 2 recommended Superscores SAT; considers highest component ACT score Harvard 2 recommended Superscores SAT; considers highest component ACT score Princeton 2 recommended Superscores SAT; considers highest component ACT score UPenn 2 recommended Superscores SAT and ACT Yale Recommended (no # specified) Superscores SAT; considers highest component ACT score What You Need to Know About the Ivy League and the ACT No matter what you might've heard, Ivy League schools have no preference between the ACT and SAT.You can submit scores from either test or from both of them withoutworrying that your application will be dinged. Ultimately, choosing between the SAT and the ACT comes down to personal preference.There will occasionally be a large difference between how a student scores on the SAT and the ACT(a difference of more than 100 points once the ACT is converted to its SAT equivalent). Most students, however, score similarly on both tests. Nonetheless, the styles of the two tests are different enough that you may find the ACT easier than the SAT, or vice versa. Perhaps you struggle with the ACT's less generous time limits, or maybe you think the SAT's evidencequestionsare particularly confusing. What's Next? Planning on applying to Ivy League schools? Get a handle on what kind of SAT score you really need, and check out this in-depth guide tohow to get into the Ivy League, written by a real Harvard grad! Trying to decide whether to take the SAT or ACT? Read our guide to learnthe 11 key differences between the two teststo help you decide which is better suited to your strengths. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Explaining my scheme Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Explaining my scheme - Essay Example In this chapter, an overview is given in Section 4.2. Then, Section 4.3 illustrates how the initial labels are allocated and how the different relationships are determined. Section 4.4 describes how insertions are handled and how different relationships are preserved. A validation of the relationships using algebra is shown in Section 4.5. Finally, in Section 4.6, the chapter ends with a general conclusion that leads to the following chapter which discusses the scheme from the point of view of implementation. The proposed scheme is based on the parent-child grouping to facilitate the identification of parent-child and sibling relationships faster, based on a simple comparison. Parent-child grouping was also selected due to the high number of xml documents that come with this type of relationship (Goldman & Widom, 1997). Again, parent-child and sibling grouping facilitate smother insertions of new nodes, given the fact that in this form of grouping only a simple tree structure will be dealt with rather than the whole tree (Cohen, Kaplan & Milo, 2002). The advantage of allowing smoother insertion builds on the prefix GroupID labelling scheme but does not determine a fixed number of nodes to be inserted. Gusfield (1997) also observed that when dealing with parent-child groupings, labelling can be thought of as being easier, faster and more accurate as it deals with a simple tree structure. The simple structure has to do with a root node and its direct children nodes. Another critical characteristic of the scheme is that it uses two labels for each node in order to facilitate the processing nodes within the same group that uses their simple local labels. This is in contrast with multiplication-based scheme where the global label is used to connect a group to the whole tree which helps in identifying relationships between nodes belong to different group (Milo & Suciu, 1999). Based on existing schemes such

You decided Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You decided - Case Study Example Brandt (2002), suggests that banks may discriminate for nonprofit reasons, but this discrimination diminishes with a bank’s incentives and human capital. In order for the client to get her loan from the bank approved, she requires to know her limitations and credit score and prepare a checklist of the appropriate documentation. The bank will inform her of range of credit scores required for loan approval. Sue must also understand her preferences, the terms she can reasonably afford, check the loan packages and her goal for paying off the loan. To start off the ordeal will require preparing a trial balance with the relevant available documents. She will also need the available bank statements for the current tax year and present this to the bank as evidence for eligibility of the loan. In essence to the International Revenue Service (IRS, n.d.), a $300,000 bank loan is equivalent to a 50% tax. Thus, Tax deferment will be in handy. The IRS issues penalties if there is any delay in the tax returns but to prevent this requires filling an extension and thus she will have extra time to finish up her personal tax returns. In 2010, the IRS had announced the need to audit small businesses for credibility and the use of electronic files. This was mainly to enable them to be more proficient when examining records, and this are also a much faster method of resolving issues. In addition, reviewing the US accounting rules Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), mainly to prepare the financial statements. Combining the efforts of IRS and GAAP will have a positive impact on the cost of doing business. To expand her business and increase chances of acquiring a loan, the SBA Guaranteed loans should not be left out. These are government loans that are provided in the US and are available in many banks, in the US. These loans allow entrepreneurs to boost their chances of acquiring a loan and in the repayment of the loan. Some banks in the US also

Marketing Design and Innovation Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Marketing Design and Innovation - Dissertation Example Influence of insurance on the business industry provides a clear indication of the significance and value to the global economy. With the emerging insurance sector worldwide, policy holders as well as investors are exposed to a wide range of products (Augustine & Chandrasekhar, n.d.). The insurance industry contributes to economic growth and national prosperity in multifarious ways. Insurance helps to strengthen the effectiveness and resilience of the economy by minimizing risk. It helps individuals by reducing the financial impact of unpredicted and unwelcome incidents, and helps them to perform their work activities as well as organize their lives with greater certainty. Risk-averse people are able to enjoy greater utility from their assets. Today almost every conceivable asset can be insured such as car, motorcycle, business, travel and others (Wahi & Et. Al., 2010). 2.0. Synthesis and Review of Literature 2.1. Stylistic Change towards Insurance The insurance industry is considere d to be one of the major segments for economic growth and development. In other words, perceived benefits compared to actual benefits are the backbone for marketing of insurance services. Over time, the insurance industry has found new and innovative ways for expansion. ... The regular dissolution of conventional social structure also increases the demand for insurance. In this growing competitive insurance sector â€Å"customer is the king†. For this reason, insurance products are designed and customized in such a way that they can be tailored to the changing style of customer tastes. Insurance products are developed by considering various demographical factors such as family status, gender, age, employment and income level (Kumar, 2008). To illustrate the critical importance of insurance, HDFC Standard Life has developed ‘Super’ series products for the diverse need segments. This series has developed to meet changing needs and preferences of customers across various life stages. For example, ‘HDFC Young Star Super’ product caters for those customers who wish to provide for their children’s education, and ‘HDFC Pension Super’ for those customers who plan for retirement and save for key milestones (HD FC Standard Life Insurance Company Limited, 2009). Another example is ‘Oman Life Insurance Company’ which introduced ‘Property Owner’s Association Package Insurance’, a new product in the UAE insurance industry. This product will provide multiple insurance coverage including ‘Property Insurance’, ‘Third Party Insurance’, ‘Office Bearer’s Liability Insurance’, ‘Fidelity Guarantee Insurance’ and ‘Machinery Breakdown Insurance’. Oman Insurance Company believes that this policy will provide coverage to all in a jointly developed property, for instance, residential tower, commercial offices and villa communities. Both owners and renters will benefit from this insurance product (Mesbah, 2010). 2.2. Changes in Customers’ Taste, Need and Fashion In the past, younger generation was not

The Adjusting Process discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Adjusting Process discussion - Assignment Example In certain cases, the records are not reorganized except at the closing stages of the period. The adjustments are updated because certain expenses are never recorded on a daily basis, certain revenues and operating expense are acquired as business transpires rather than as a detached transaction and certain revenues and operating costs may not be recorded. The four categories of accounts that require adjusting entries include; prepaid expenses, accrued expenses, unearned revenues and accrued revenues (Warren, Carl, James, and Jonathan 105). In accordance to ethics, there are dictations that a commodity ought to have a precise date by which money ought to be recompensed to the buyer in cases where the commodity has not been utilized as a charge up to the moment it is either utilized or recompensed. This means that the gift card ought to have an expiry date to ensure that fairness is dictated. A gift card assures that the buyer’s money is not used up at the same situate where they purchased the card. The implications are that accounting for the cards transaction offers an evolving reporting for vendors. The accounting for the previous transaction for the cards cannot reveal any reputed worth but rather a legal responsibility for overdue profits and the unused cost creates problems in

ITM422 - Administering IT Infrastructure - Mod 1 Session Long Project Essay

ITM422 - Administering IT Infrastructure - Mod 1 Session Long Project - Essay Example ws analysis, blog postings, InformationWeek reports, careers, editor’s articles, product reviews, and advertisements related to network technologies. From the home page, one can also access the site’s technical sections which include SOA, Data Center, 802.11n, Data Privacy, APO, Virtualization, NAC, Security, Network Management, Enterprise Applications, and Storage & Servers. On the less academic or technical matter, there are buttons on the home page to get to news, blogs, forums, events, research, newsletters, white papers and careers, all related to network technologies. The home page of Network Computing has an upper banner which points to TechWeb that brings you to pages of InformationWeek. This is quite confusing to the first time site visitor of Network Computing because one gets confused as to what button to click for network computing – related sections. The navigation buttons at the bottom of the page also pertain to InformationWeek, so clicking those will take you away from Network Computing, which adds to the confusion for the first time visitor. The Network Computing website per se is a professional support website for networking technology professionals. It is especifically targeted to knowledgeable or experienced people in this field who already have an appreciation of the technology it deals with. One should already be familiar with network computing terminology and related technological developments in this particular field to be able to appreciate the variety of information that the site provides. A neophyte may get lost in the site and miss the import of the wealth of information it provides. As earlier mentioned, the site has a wealth of information about network computing, from technological resources related to technological developments, news, products and interaction with other network computing professionals through the blogs, as well as career opportunities and career-related news. Also, as earlier mentioned, the site is not for

The Adjusting Process discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Adjusting Process discussion - Assignment Example In certain cases, the records are not reorganized except at the closing stages of the period. The adjustments are updated because certain expenses are never recorded on a daily basis, certain revenues and operating expense are acquired as business transpires rather than as a detached transaction and certain revenues and operating costs may not be recorded. The four categories of accounts that require adjusting entries include; prepaid expenses, accrued expenses, unearned revenues and accrued revenues (Warren, Carl, James, and Jonathan 105). In accordance to ethics, there are dictations that a commodity ought to have a precise date by which money ought to be recompensed to the buyer in cases where the commodity has not been utilized as a charge up to the moment it is either utilized or recompensed. This means that the gift card ought to have an expiry date to ensure that fairness is dictated. A gift card assures that the buyer’s money is not used up at the same situate where they purchased the card. The implications are that accounting for the cards transaction offers an evolving reporting for vendors. The accounting for the previous transaction for the cards cannot reveal any reputed worth but rather a legal responsibility for overdue profits and the unused cost creates problems in

Code of Conduct for Westinghouse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Code of Conduct for Westinghouse - Essay Example y’s competitive business environment, the need to have a definitive organizational culture that customers and other stakeholders are familiar with is very important. The importance of such an act is in the fact that it makes customers and stakeholders more comfortable in transacting business with the organization because once they are in the premises and into business with the organization, they know what to expect. An organizational culture that revolves around a regulated code of conduct also has the potential of ensuring that the culture that is built is one that is built on the principles and core values of trust, respect for stakeholder, honesty and commitment towards duties. The resulting factor therefore being increased productivity. In the specifics, the kind of code of conduct that will be most ideal for Westinghouse ought to be one, that puts the customer first. To this effect, staff and all employees have to come to the realization that the customer is the single most important entity of the company. This is of course an assertion that needs not be explained further or needs to be compromised because it is the collective transactions that customers make with the company that ensures the existence and growth of the company (Westinghouse, 2012). To this end, the customer relations status of the company needs to be strengthened at all levels of the organizational hierarchy. As long as it is the customer the employee is having an interaction with, there will be the need to ensure that there is a very high level of courtesy and respect. As much as possible, the customer should be right in all instances. The customer needs to be given the first attention. This means that instead of receiving a private call for ins tance, the employee needs to for go that and attend to the customer who is in the queue. Again, under no circumstance must the customer feel that his or her precious time is being wasted at the premises of the company. To achieve, the code of

Dance Moms Essay Example for Free

Dance Moms Essay Before deciding to do this assignment, other than the clips we watched in class I had never seen the show before. The episode of Dance Moms I watched was actually very entertaining. The episode I watched was in Season 3. In the episode there was a new girl who joined the competition dance team her name was Nicaya. Of course, she came along with her mom whose name was Caya. Caya wasn’t at all like the rest of the moms. She didn’t dress anywhere near as proper as the rest of the moms. Shockingly, she was also a lesbian, which really surprised the rest of the moms. Caya felt like her daughter brought â€Å"Divatude† to the dance team, but I doubt the other parents felt the need for anything close to that. In the beginning, Nicaya didn’t know any dance terminology, well at least how to spell them. Abby Miller, the owner of the studio, challenged Nicaya to learn them in the beginning of the episode, because she was impressed with her dancing ability she still wanted her to stick around. The main drama in the episode was whether Nicaya would take Paige’s spot in the group performance. Paige had been in a boot for her foot for 4 weeks and had just got cleared by her doctor to compete again. The hard decision between the two girls created conflict between their moms. Kelly, Paige’s mom, seemed to overreact when Abby decided to practice them both interchanging them in the routine to see who performed the best. Kelly stormed out of the studio and had several outburst of anger throughout the show. Caya didn’t handle herself any better she constantly used foul language directed at the other moms. In the end, Abby decided to let all of them perform which lead to a first place performance. My impression of the moms was that they had to all been crazy. The fact that most of them quit their jobs to have their kids dance is ridiculous. I’m pretty sure they don’t have to go to every practice and sit in the upstairs of the studio. I thought that was very weird and obsessive. Individually, I think Holly, Nia’s mom, has her head on the straightest of all the moms. She didn’t really speak too much, but she wasn’t too quiet. Kelly was definitely the most immature of all the moms with the way she couldn’t control her anger. The rest of the moms were just equally as crazy as the rest of the cast. Those I mentioned just stuck out the most. I was probably the most impressed with Abby Miller, because she tries her best to get the most she can from her dancers. I like how she made sure to tell each dancer how important it was that they got the job done. She reminded of a really tough football coach and in my opinion those are the best coaches, because they motivate you to perform at your highest level. If I had a daughter who had dreams of being a dancer, I would love for Abby Miller to be her coach. I know she would turn my daughter into a great dancer. She teaches discipline and skill. It would also keep my daughter active which would lead to a healthier life.

The Influence Of Postmodern Dance Essay

The Influence Of Postmodern Dance Essay Postmodernism was a late 20th century movement that opposed the Modernist preoccupation with purity of form and technique, and aimed to eradicate the divisions between art, popular culture, and the media. Postmodern artists employed influences from an array of past movements, applying them to modern forms. Postmodernists embraced diversity and rejected the distinction between high and low art. Ignoring genre boundaries, the movement encourages the mix of ideas, medias, and forms to promote parody, humor, and irony. -started 1960s in a church -the word postmodern after modern techniques Graham n Isadora -influced by Cunningham n cage -timely, moving on today Where Modernists tended to believe in the future and reject the past, Postmodernists are more pessimistic and do not see the world necessarily improving in the future. 1960-1970s even though it was short time Postmodernist music includes Philip Glasss minimalist works and John Cages collaborative performances in which he involved the audience. genres like ballet and modernism and develop new styles. The most famous of these pioneers was probably Anna Halprin, who based her choreography on real experiences, not classical works. Her group, the Dancers Workshop, usually avoided traditional technique and often performed outdoors instead of on a conventional stage. Another modern dance pioneer, Robert Dunn, believed that the process of art was more significant than the end product. Merce Cunningham experimented with the relationship between dance and music and created choreography that was unrelated to the music it was accompanied by. What Followed Postmodernism? Postmodern dance was a relatively short-lived movement, but it was a stepping stone to other artistic endeavors. Performance art, a movement featuring theatrical events realized through loosely structured combinations of events, grew out of the collaboration between dance and other art forms. Dancers like Twyla Tharp put their own stamp on postmodern theory and began a return to more structured choreography, making way for the contemporary dance genre of today. Postmodern dance is a 20th century concert dance form. A reaction to the compositional and presentation constraints of modern dance, postmodern dance hailed the use of everyday movement as valid performance art and advocated novel methods of dance composition. Claiming that any movement was dance, and any person was a dancer (with or without training) early postmodern dance was more closely aligned with ideology of modernism rather than the architectural, literary and design movements of postmodernism. However, the postmodern dance movement rapidly developed to embrace the ideology of postmodernism which was reflected in the wide variety of dance works emerging from Judson Dance Theater, the home of postmodern dance.[citation needed] Lasting from the 1960s to the 1970s the main thrust of Postmodern dance was relatively short lived but its legacy lives on in contemporary dance (a blend of modernism and postmodernism) and the rise of postmodernist choreographic processes that have produced a wide range of dance works in varying styles. Postmodern art is a term used to describe an art movement which was thought to be in contradiction to some aspect of modernism, or to have emerged or developed in its aftermath. In general, movements such as Intermedia, Installation art, Conceptual Art and Multimedia, particularly involving video are described as postmodern. The traits associated with the use of the term postmodern in art include bricolage, use of words prominently as the central artistic element, collage, simplification, appropriation, depiction of consumer or popular culture and Performance art.

Guilt and Shame in Some Thoughts Concerning Education and Robinson Crus

Guilt and Shame in Some Thoughts Concerning Education and Robinson Crusoe  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century England, a major transition was occurring; attitudes were shifting towards a more sensibility-based perspective, in which the "warrior" mentality of earlier times was falling out of fashion, in favor of sensitive "gentlemen." Such gentlemen were expected to be morally sound, well-educated, "enlightened." Yet, despite all this, men were still expected to be masculine to be able to take control of a situation or solve a particular problem. John Locke postulated that all of this could be encouraged in young men via their education. Sadly, he found that no educational program at the time was up to the task. He argued that one of the foremost goals of education should be responsible self-government, or the ability to determine properly what to do and what not to do without an external authority commanding it. This ideal became very en vogue among sensible folk at this time many Englishmen (as well as other Europeans) wanted to be so moral ly upright that they need only answer to themselves. Locke, of course, had some thoughts on this, and those thoughts revolved chiefly around (of all things) shame. Some Thoughts Concerning Education was first published by Locke in 1693. The ideas it advocated were progressive, even by today's standards. One point he makes very clear is that physical rewards and punishments (as a system of encouraging morally-correct behavior) are ineffective in raising children to be responsible, moral adults (38 - 39). As an alternative, he suggested the following: Esteem and disgrace are, of all others, the most powerful incentives to the mind, when once it is brought to relish ... ...other is standing nearby with a scornful eye, but true self-governance is about much more than that. Locke knew this to be true, and I think it's obvious that Defoe agreed emphatically enough to base one of the most successful novels in history on very similar views.    Works Cited Bredvold, Louis I. The Natural History of Sensibility. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1962 Defoe, Daniel. Robinson Crusoe. New York: Bantam Books, 1991 ("Defoe") Defoe, Daniel. Robinson Crusoe, Norton Critical Edition. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc., 1975 ("Norton") Locke, John. Some Thoughts Concerning Education, The Works of John Locke, vol. 9. London: 1823 Moore, C. Backgrounds of English Literature 1700-1760. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1953 Yolton, John W. John Locke and Education. New York: Random House, Inc., 1971   

Business Edge Email

To: David Johnson Subject: Information on Business Edge Dear Mr David Johnson Firstly I would like to thank you for your response to my email based on my application for the sales and marketing position you are currently have available. I am pleased to know you would like further knowledge of my completion of the Business Edge Program undertaken through my Bachelor of Business at Edith Cowan University. The program helped me develop a range of skills related to the sales and marketing role in which I have applied for. The following email will represent the key aspects that Business Edge specified within my time in the program. I will analyze the different components of Business Edge and the skills I have gained during the program. Additionally I will explain how these concepts will be beneficial to your company. As a result this email will give you background knowledge on my intake and understanding of the Program. The Business Edge program is designed to help students understand the growing impact of international competition in businesses and employment and how to successfully operate in the global marketplace. The program introduces students to the concept of business and to various interpersonal, group work and organizational skills essential for university and employment success. The Program is also geared to helping students to realize and improve their abilities in individual learning styles, group work, cross-cultural communication, business communication, critical thinking and ethical behavior. In addition, the Business Edge program introduces students to the concept of self-reflection, self-discovery, self- criticism, peer assessment and information and time management. Having completed this program I can tell you that it is an extremely unique course as it focuses on student centered learning. This means that there are plenty of role-plays, scenarios, interactive multi-media and activities where students develop their employability skills by ‘doing’. As the student you must use your previous knowledge and experience, apply these to real situations and learn from those around you so that your employability skills can be developed and refined along the entire length of the program. A key attribute I have developed through the Business Edge program is the â€Å"ability to communicate†. This gives me excellent employability skills such as forming effective relationships with customers and employees. This is a perfect attribute for the sales and marketing role. As someone interested in sales and marketing I think it is essential that you communicate effectively and form networks with customers and fellow clients. I think the ability to interact with others openly and objectively is vital criteria for the position and Business Edge has certainly given me a great advantage in this area. The main emphasis that the Business Edge program projected was on clear communication and presentations. Personally I feel to be a competent communicator you must first be able to listen and understand others, in particular with sales because face to face communication is frequent and also phone conversation. I think my ability to understand clear communication and my advanced understanding of open questions will benefit your company greatly. I know when working in sales and marketing you have to allow communication to flow and invite open discussion. You must have a clear tone as well as a good posture if talking to an audience, when talking on a phone your manner must be polite while still being clear and able to adapt. I believe that a good communicator is someone who can change the way they communicate to suit the person they are speaking to. You should express yourself in a way that makes sense to that person. I think the Business Edge program has helped me achieve this and it will be a great asset in the sales and marketing role. Another attribute that I developed through the Business Edge program is the â€Å"ability to work in teams†. The Business Edge program as stated earlier is student centered and the learning process is by â€Å"doing†. Most of this is done through group work, participating in various activities and presentations. Through these activities I could improve my self-confidence to a higher level. I got an idea about how to work in groups with mutual understanding and to respect others ideas as well. With the knowledge I gained from this unit, I’m now able to get others give their ears to me and express my ideas in an effective manner in front of an audience.

Administrative Management Critical Analysis

Adam Bartoshesky November 17, 2012 MAN 3025 Writing Assignment #4 Critical Analysis The University of North Florida’s Academic Integrity Code gives students and faculty members in-depth descriptions of what exactly the code is, the ways in which the code can be broken, and the actions and consequences which result from breaking it. The code’s purpose is, â€Å"to protect the integrity of the teaching and learning process† (â€Å"Academic integrity code,†). This document lacks a persuasive tone and thus is essentially free from any biases.It uses strong language and concision in order to outline what students and faculty members should do in an instance of academic dishonesty. The code’s unbiased nature and clarity combine to make it a reliable document that can be referred to by both UNF students and faculty members in order to maintain foster learning. UNF’s Academic Integrity Code’s strengths are its detail and clarity, its openness, and its good intentions. It is impossible for the document to better explain the overall process of cheating, how it is handled, and the appeal process.Another strong point of the code is that it gives the student’s teacher freedom in how they want to handle the situation. There are five different forms of apprehension listed in the code that the teacher can choose from which range in seriousness. The teacher can do anything from lower the student’s grade for the single exercise they broke the academic code on, to giving the student an unforgivable ‘F’ for the course. It is evident that a third strength of the document is that its sole purpose is to create a better teaching and learning environment.UNF has not established this code in order to reprimand students, but rather to enhance their education by clearly stating what they should avoid while enrolled at UNF. Although the Academic Integrity Code has many strengths, it also has weakness. The main weak ness that I located in the code is that the overall process of reprimanding and appealing academic dishonesty can be time consuming. There are numerous steps that each have an allotted amount of days to be completed. Also read: Advantages and Disadvantages of Administrative ManagementThese steps include the student appealing the teacher’s initial actions, and then waiting for a new faculty member to review it and come to a new conclusion; in which case the student can appeal it once more. This process can continue up the UNF administration hierarchy until the case finally reaches the UNF President. The president has the final say in the matter. If each step is taken and the maximum amount of days to complete each step is used, the case can be under review for 205 days. That is an absurd amount of time to decide the outcome of a student’s academic misconduct.By the time it is settled, the student could have already finished one semester and been well on his or her way to completing another. At this point, I think it is unfair to give the student a consequence like being expelled from the school because they have already dedicated much of their time to another semester’s course load. After examining and evaluating The University of North Florida’s Academic Integrity Code, I have concluded that its strengths far outweigh its weaknesses. I could only find one weakness in the document whereas I was able to locate many strengths.Also, after further review, even though the process of appealing can take up to 205 days; it is unlikely that this will occur. I concur that this code is a very effective source without any significant biases, and should be referred to frequently by all UNF students and faculty members in order to maintain an effective learning environment. Works Cited Education, (n. d. ). Academic integrity code and academic misconduct policies. Retrieved from The University of North Florida website: http://www. unf. edu/uploadedFiles/aa/enrollment/onestop/registrar/MisconductPolicy. pdf

Individual Assignment Essay

Determine which level of measurement— nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio—is used in the following examples. The Association of Accountants is conducting a survey to determine the ranking of the top 100 accounting firms in the world. Ordinal How many years did it take you to earn your college degree? Ratio On a questionnaire which asks for gender, males are coded as 1 and females are coded as 2. Interval Respondents are asked to rate a list of high-tech companies as excellent, good, fair, or poor in terms of their service delivery. Ordinal Cereal brands are arranged in an ordered sequence in which an equal interval exists between each point. Interval LeBron James wears the number 23 on his jersey. Nominal The length of time it takes the winner of a marathon to cross the finish line. Ratio Students are asked to rank computer manufacturers. Interval The brand of charge card used by a customer. Nominal The pin number used to access your checking account. Nominal Which sampling method—simple random, systematic, stratified, cluster, convenience, judgment, quota, or snowball—is most appropriate for the following examples? The unemployment rate is calculated each month by the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The survey consists of 50,000 households in about 2,000 counties and cities in all 50 states. Simple Random A researcher for Kraft Foods selects five states randomly, and then selects 10 supermarkets chains within each state to call for a phone survey as test markets for a new cookie. Quota A new pr oduct researcher would like to investigate the use of virtual teams. After conducting an interview with a manager, she asks for the names of other managers that use virtual teams. Convenience A news reporter asks people on the street their opinion about the president’s new bill. Snowball Jamie select Denver, Colorado; Chicago, Illinois; and San Diego, California as test markets for a new potato chip line base on her experience with these markets. Judgment A researcher instructs field interviewers to interview customers of different cell phone companies in a nearby shopping mall so that they each interview 10 AT&T, 8 T Mobile, 6 Verizon, and 4 owners of other cell phone providers. Convenience The Consumer Price Index represents a sampling of 90,000 items from 364 categories, chosen from 20,000 retail stores in 85 geographically distributed areas that are chosen to be as similar as possible. Cluster A finance professor wants to know how many MBA students would be willing to take a course in international finance this summer. She surveys students in the class she is currently teaching. Convenience Which hypothesis-testing procedure would you use in the following situations? The mean time an American family lives in a particular single-family dwelling is 11. 8 years. A sample of 100 families in the Sycamore, OK area shows the mean time living in a single family residence is 12. 7 years. Can we conclude that the time people live in Sycamore is significantly more than the national average? One Sample Z-Test A researcher would like to know if there is a significant difference in clothing purchases between full-time working women, part-time working women, and women who are homemakers. ANOVA Eighty percent of those who play the state lottery never win more than $100 in one play. A sample of 500 players was drawn and the mean winning was $125. One Sample Z-Test A drug manufacturing company conducted a survey of customers. The research question was as follows: Is there a significant relationship between packaging preference (size of the bottle purchased) and economic status? There were four packaging sizes: small, medium, large, and jumbo. Economic status was categorized as follows: lower, middle, and upper. Regression Hypothesis Test A company has 24 salespeople. The test must evaluate whether their product knowledge has improved or remained unchanged after a training program. T-test of dependent samples A computer company has a brand loyalty rating of 6. 8 on a 7 point scale. Is this company’s rating significantly different from the industry average of 6. 4? Two-tailed One Sample T-Test The manager of an office supply store wanted to determine which color folders she should discontinue based on low sales. The colors stocked were black, blue, red, green, and purple. ANOVA

Health Care and Social Status in the Middle Ages Research Paper

Health Care and Social Status in the Middle Ages - Research Paper Example erfs, promised to work hard and serve their lord in exchange for a small hut and food; those that were of aristocratic class promised to protect the serfs at all costs (Abels). With such promises in place, there was virtually no need for anyone to enforce feudalism, as everyone simply knew where they belonged and what their duties were to each other. Feudalism was not a new concept to Europe. The Roman historian Tacitus wrote that the Germanic peoples, long considered a race of warriors, practiced a way of life in which the warrior class left all land holdings to the care and trust of others, while using their time to defend their lands or make war on others (Stephenson, 1956). Companions also traveled with the warriors, and in return for their service, expected little more than food, water, and a share of any winnings that may come from victorious conflicts (Stephenson, 1956). Though the beginnings were humble, feudalism soon rose to be a standard way of life throughout Europe in th e Middle Ages, complete with rigid, even unbreakable social structures that affected almost every aspect of life during that time. In many ways, feudalism was seen as a benefit to all. Regional landowners held the power to enforce any laws, as well as to settle disputes (Quigley, 2003). Those of lower class were given the benefit of protection by lords, as well as knights in the employ of landowners, and could run into the castles or manor houses if an invasion took place (Quigley, 2003). The disparities of feudalism, however, cannot be argued, particularly in the vast distinction from rich to poor. The rich, namely landowners and aristocracy, were catered to and could expect a life of health and privilege, while the poor serfs and commoners who constituted a majority of the population were... Through the use of books and the internet, this research paper examines not only feudalism in general and the social structure that depended upon it, but the various diseases and options that were available to the different classes based upon their status for medical treatment, alongside common problems that were widespread in the Middle Ages and gave no thought to the same status that those who lived during that era held dear. Feudalism was not a new concept to Europe. The Roman historian Tacitus wrote that the Germanic peoples, long considered a race of warriors, practiced a way of life in which the warrior class left all land holdings to the care and trust of others, while using their time to defend their lands or make war on others. Feudalism soon rose to be a standard way of life throughout Europe in the Middle Ages, complete with rigid, even unbreakable social structures that affected almost every aspect of life during that time. The divisions between the wealthy, or nobility, and those of commoner status were vast in many ways, but none as great as when it came to the health care that was available. The researcher mentiones that given the hygienic and sanitation standards of the time, it is not surprising that disease spread freely and unchecked throughout the population, differing little from nobility to common serf. It is concluded that even those with doctors at their disposal, such as the aristocrats and wealthy landowners, were at a disadvantage due to the thoughts of the time.

Syrian Government Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Syrian Government - Research Paper Example It states that Syria is an integral part of the Arab homeland and that all the people of the country have all the legislative power. The president and the members of parliament are elected by the people through their votes. However it appears that the enforcement of these principles is not ensured by the government since many years. Branches of the Government The structure of the Syrian government consists of the executive, the legislative, and the judicial branches. The Executive Branch The president is the head of the state and the chief officer of the government. He is elected by the people through referendum for a term of seven years. The constitution required that the president be of no less than 34 years of age and a Muslim. The constitution gives right to the president to appoint two vice-presidents, to name the prime minister and to dismiss him, other deputy minister, the members of the Cabinet and the military officers. Dr. Bashar al-Assad is currently serving as the preside nt (Britannica). The Legislative Branch The legislative branch is called Majlis-al-Shaab or the People’s Assembly. It is a 250-member unicameral body. The members are elected by the people through elections for a term of four years. People’s Assembly is represented by the members of different political parties. However, the majority of the seats are reserved or the National Progressive Front (NPF) which consist of the members of the Baath Party (Cafe Syria). The Council nominates a candidate for the presidential elections, discussion of economic matters and approval of the budget and the government policies. It also enacts the laws; however, initiation of law is not covered under its functions. The Judicial Branch The judicial system of Syria consists of courts at three levels: Courts of first instance (which comprises of magistrate and peace courts), courts of appeal (there is one court of appeal per province like a High Court), and the Constitutional courts which is the highest tribunal authority. The judicial system itself has the elements of Islamic, ottoman and the French Laws. The Supreme Constitutional Court is the head of the judicial system. It’s members consist of a chief justice and a bench of four different judges who all are appointed by the president for a period of four years (Mongabay). Problems with the Syrian Political System Although the constitution of Syria says that its people have every right to elect and appoint the president in general elections, the president is actually imposed through the unopposed popular referenda. The passing of presidential title by virtue of hereditary entitlement is quite apparent although the constitution says the government is of the republic form. And many attempts are made by the government to remove the opposing forces and continue to pass the title in this way. For example, in order to make Bashar (Hafiz al-Assad’s son), eligible for nomination in the presidential election, th e minimum age restriction was changed from 40 to 34 in 2000. Moreover the people cannot change the government. Most of the power resides with the president and he has the power to dissolve the legislature as well. The People’s Assembly may criticize the government’s policy or express its views on the economic matters, but it cannot initiate the law. The degree of public accountability is minimum and the government does not tolerate any political opposition (Mongabay). Syrian and U.S Political Systems Compared In this section

Respond to post Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Respond to post - Article Example (Nomensa 2009) According to Capital Community College Foundation (2004), â€Å"a sentence fragment fails to be a sentence in the sense that it cannot stand by itself. It does not contain even one independent clause. There are several reasons why a group of words may seem to act like a sentence but not have the wherewithal to make it as a complete thought: (1) it may locate something in time and place with a prepositional phrase or a series of such phrases, but its still lacking a proper subject-verb relationship within an independent clause; (2) it describes something, but there is no subject-verb relationship; (3) it may have most of the makings of a sentence but still be missing an important part of a verb string; and (4) it may even have a subject-verb relationship, but it has been subordinated to another idea by a dependent word and so cannot stand by itself. Regardless of the rationale, fragmented sentences have tendencies of creating confusion, miscommunication, and ineffective transmission of messages. Well spoken and written languages should follow the correct grammatical rules to avoid communication problems. Procrastination means deferring or delaying action till another day or time. There have been several studies identifying the causes of procrastination – from being perfectionist, to having negative feelings and anger at the time when one is supposed to undertake certain tasks. In this regard, when one has identified the exact cause for procrastination, the person would be able to move on and to take positive action in preventing it to happen. One of the recommended measures to address procrastination is to take small steps, to wit: â€Å"remind yourself to take small steps, as each small step makes up the bigger picture. It will also help you to plan out your work schedule, and make the work seem a lot more manageable and less threatening. Similarly, even for

Fracking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fracking - Essay Example Fracking is done in four steps. During the first step, a vertical well is drilled into the ground up to the rock of interest. It then turns horizontally for some distance inside the shale containing the petroleum and gas. Under high-pressure, water is pumped into the well to create cracks from which gas can be released. The released gas along with the petroleum are then sucked up to the surface for processing. The used water, or waste, is pumped out of the well onto the surface from which it is disposed of carefully to avoid environmental contamination. The water is disposed of carefully as it contains harmful minerals and substances picked up below the ground (Michael, 2013).Fracking is done in four steps. During the first step, a vertical well is drilled into the ground up to the rock of interest. It then turns horizontally for some distance inside the shale containing the petroleum and gas. Under high-pressure, water is pumped into the well to create cracks from which gas can be r eleased. The released gas along with the petroleum are then sucked up to the surface for processing. The used water, or waste, is pumped out of the well onto the surface from which it is disposed of carefully to avoid environmental contamination. The water is disposed of carefully as it contains harmful minerals and substances picked up below the ground (Michael, 2013).The benefits for fracking cannot be overstated. The method avails great environmental and economic advantages. Fracking produces what is commonly known as the shale gas. Hence, the merits of production of shale gas are numerous. The gas produced is used to fend of the energy deficit that face the country. Through the gas produced by fracking, it reduces the dependence on imported energy sources like oil (Michael, 2013).The method creates employment for many unemployed persons. The reason why it creates employment is that it is a relatively method. Hence, it has to create room for employees before people can sign contr acts. The oil obtained from fracking fends off the dependence of a country on oil.It is evident that fracking is a beneficial procedure that has provided an alternative to the traditional methods of gas and oil manufacture.  

Creating dynamic characters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Creating dynamic characters - Essay Example Shawn is a hip hop star. He began his love for hip hop music while still a young boy. He started a career with his high school friend Christopher Latore (Kress 98-108). He is married to Knowles, likes reading and listening to music, and a favorite movie is Godfather 2. Shawns favorite food is Pasta, and he has a soft spot for blue colors. He passes most of his free time playing basketball. George Porter, 34 years old short and bold man, born in Los Angeles California in the United States and married to Nelly Carey. He is a slow speaker, loves cookies and a good football player (Kress 102-112). His only sister Mitchel a paramedic left home when porter was only 12 years. He fell out of college and joined the local artisans to make money for raves and fancies. His life later got behind bars due to rising in cases of insecurity. The sister comes back home when Porter is 25 years gets a job for him in the disaster management. Porter then starts up a family and realizes he needs to stay focused (Kress 123-134). To support his family, he begins shortcake business for his wife and then joins her to expand the business that is currently one of the leading suppliers of shortcake. Porter employ’s youths and leads in community sensitization on drugs

The significance of endings in The Great Gatsby The Kite Runner and Audens poetry Essay Example for Free

The significance of endings in The Great Gatsby The Kite Runner and Audens poetry Essay Write about the significance of the ways writers end their narratives in the work of the three writers you have studied. In ‘The Great Gatsby’ Fitzgerald creates a sense of finality in the last chapter through the repetition of the word ‘last’, which suggests to the reader ‘the party was over.’ Also the repetition relates to the end of Nick’s experiences and relationship with Gatsby, creating a subdued tone in the ending of the narrative. Fitzgerald references the colour ‘green’ once more, which is symbolic of Gatsby’s dream, the use of it in this final chapter signifies the sombre end of the dream and pursuit of Daisy. Fitzgerald’s construction of a tone of finality within this final chapter in relation to Gatsby’s dream reflects the loss of hope, considering the dream has been a symbol for hope for the entirety of the novel. Fitzgerald’s further utilisation of colour similarly reflects the loss of hope. The ‘motor-hearse’ was described as ‘horribly black’ which heavily contrasts the vulgar displays of colour in Gatsby’s life ‘pink rag of a suit’, this compounds the fact that Gatsby is indeed gone, thus ending the narrative in a pessimistic tone since neither Gatsby, nor his dream succeeded. Coupled with this is the pathetic fallacy, used to parallel the sombre feeling of death and loss, there was a ‘thick drizzle’ which has ominous connotations. Also, the fact the rain has only been described in one other instance over the whole narrative builds tension since it’s not an ordinary description ‘he spoke of the rain in a worried, uncertain way.’ However, despite this pessimism throughout the final chapter, Fitzgerald uses the final line to reference Gatsby one last time and reflect his passionate struggle to realise his dream. ‘So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.’ This metaphor shows that despite Gatsby’s life being full of obstacles ‘current’, nothing stopped him relentlessly trying to achieve what he wanted ‘so we beat on.’ Through this Fitzgerald references the reader and demonstrates the human need to dream and to be challenged and suggests to the reader that despite obstacles and hardship in our own lives ‘tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms further’ and ultimately we should never give up until we have secured what we dream of. This ends the novel with a moral message directed specifically towards the reader through the character description of Gatsby, creating a sense of closure in the reader. In ‘The Kite Runner’ Hosseini uses descriptions of how Amir’s ‘mind flashed back’ to his childhood with Hassan and the profound detail of Sohrab in the final chapter, in order to epitomise Amir’s guilt which spawned from ‘a frigid overcast day in the winter of 1975’, and which has been the central aspect in the novel. Amir says his ‘hands are stained with Hassan’s blood’ and he prays ‘God doesn’t let them get stained with the blood of his boy too.’ The ‘blood’ is suggestive of Hassan’s rape which is the source of Amir’s guilt and the fact that Amir ‘pray(ed)’ shows how he feels utterly powerless suggesting he is overwhelmed with guilt. Hosseini creates a detailed explanation of ‘Sohrab’s face’, his ‘slanting bamboo-leaf eyes so much like his father’s’, this comparison exemplifies Amir’s guilt over his cowardice and disloyalty towards Hassan which is compelling him to devote himself to his son in repentance. Alternatively this concern over ‘Hassan’s boy’ could reflect Amir’s genuine care and love of his friend and half-brother Hassan, especially since ‘blood’ is mentioned which has been symbolic for the brotherhood between the two characters Amir and Hassan. Hosseini’s description of Amir’s deeply rooted guilt in this final chapter ends the narrative positively since the reader ultimately sympathises with Amir, as his heavy conscience reveals his benevolence towards Hassan and presents him once more as an appealing character. Hosseini also significantly parallels Amir and Hassan in the closing lines of the narrative to suggest that Amir did finally receive redemption for his betrayal of Hassan, this ends the narrative in a light hearted manner composing a positive ending. Hosseini says that Sohrab ‘took hold of the string’ of the kite which symbolises the bond now formed between Amir and Sohrab, since the kites always were an omnipresent symbol for friendship within the novel. Therefore Hosseini suggests that Amir and Hassan have reconciled through Amir’s bondage with Sohrab. The final line of the narrative ‘I ran’ shows how Amir running the kite for Sohrab, mirrors the actions of Hassan, suggesting Amir has at last been redeemed of his disloyalty, because he has changed. He is running for Hassan’s son, the personal pronoun ‘I ran’ shows he is no longer selfish and his superiority demonstrated before has vanished. Similarly, Hosseini suggests Amir finally receives redemption since Soraya ‘had a glimpse of the mother she might have been’ in her eye, ‘had her own womb not betrayed her’ which shows she has finally become a mother and subsequently, Amir a father. This symbolises redemption because Amir’s infertility had been a symbolic punishment for his cowardice towards Assef during Hassan’s rape ‘someone†¦had decided to deny me fatherhood for the things I had done.’ However the fact that now he is able to be a father to Sohrab suggests he no longer needs to be punished. In ‘As I Walked Out One Evening’ Auden uses the ending of the piece to consolidate the overall theme of the power of time, which permeates the poem. Auden describes the setting ‘late in the evening’ in the final stanza of the poem, which contrasts the beginning where the time frame was simply identified as ‘one evening.’ This suggests time has elapsed between the first and last stanza. Then Auden says ‘the lovers they were gone’ which suggests that because of the passage of time their love has ended, ‘gone’ showing love to be fragile against the vast power of time. Furthermore the comparison between ‘the lovers they were gone’ and ‘the deep river ran on’ shows how despite the lovers perishing in time the ‘deep river’ has remained unchanged from the beginning of the poem where it was revealed to be a ‘brimming river’, a synonym for full or ‘deep.’ This rhyme between ‘gone’ and ‘on’ and the parallel description of the river from the beginning shows the ‘lovers’ haven’t impacted upon anything, which presents love as an inexorably insignificant force in life, a key theme within the poem. In ‘O What is That Sound’ Auden uses meaningful absence in order to reflect the uncertainty in the voice of the poem and to create an exciting ending. In the poem Auden describes ‘scarlet soldiers’ en route to the ‘broken lock and splintered door’ where the voice of the poem is residing. Auden uses the final stanza as a climactic moment in which to suggest the soldiers have reached their destination and are about to harm the voice in the poem. The final line the soldiers’ ‘eyes are burning’ has ominous connotations and implies the impending doom of the voice. Similarly the propounding ‘b’ sounds in ‘broken’ and ‘boots’ symbolises the loud movements of the soldiers which reflects their close proximity and subsequently emphasises their threat, creating a tense exciting ending as the reader fears for the fate of the voice. However the ‘b’ sounds could also reflect the aggressiveness of the soldiers and equally show their threatening presence. Auden also rises the threat of the soldiers and tense tone of the poem at the end through the lack of questions presented in the final stanza. In the previous stanzas, two voices were present explicated through repetitive questions and answers, however in the final stanza there is only description of the soldiers ‘turning, turning’ which increases the pace of the poem and reflects the imminent danger since the voice is now all alone, which allows the reader to vicariously experience the situation of the voice in the poem, spawning an exciting ending.

Emergence Of Turkish Nationalism History Essay

Emergence Of Turkish Nationalism History Essay In the 18th century, the Grand Viziers and commanders were generally Turkish origin. The Turkification of the administration in the Ottoman Empire in these years spread over art and cultural fields. These improvements paved the way for Turkish nationalism in the following centuries. During the 18th century, nationalism was an ideology which was seen in the Balkans.  [1]   As examining the emergence of Turkish nationalism, it is obvious that it is far later than its Western counterpart. There were several reasons led to this delay. Firstly, Turks were the main element of the Ottoman Empire that could have prevented them. If the Turks had realized the Turkish nationalism, others might have been influenced. National discourse on Turkism would have shaken the established order in the boundaries of Empire. There is also another reason for this delay that bourgeois and labor classes did not occur among the Turks before they did in other nations. Until the 19th century, Turk as a concept had negative meaning.  [2]   The beginning of the concept of Turkish nationalism traced back to the Turcology studies in the 19th century in Europe. Especially the linguistic features of the various Turkish groups were emphasized. The studies of European Turcologists works were affective on Ottoman intellectuals while they were trying to stop the decline of the Empire.  [3]  These Turcology studies were one of the most significant sources both in the emergence of Turkish nationalism and Pan- Turanism. The idea of nationalism also emerged among the Muslims in Russia especially the Tatars of Volga before Turks in the Empire. As the reasons for that considered; they were the most advanced ethnic group in the Muslims of Russia. Although they suffered from Russian suppression for centuries, with Catherine II this situation has changed and Tatars gained some kind of religious and civil autonomy. Among the Tatar community traders class rose however; the Turks in the Ottoman Empire had no special place within the millet system and they only have been the dominant nation with other Muslims such as Arabs, Kurds and Albanians. More importantly, between these nations there were no ethnic barriers and Turks in the Empire have accepted Islam as their life style.  [4]   For these reasons, although there were ideas of nationalism which were actualized by Greek independence and Serbian autonomy, Turkish-Ottoman consciousness was not present at that time. With the Ottoman Russian War in 1877- 1878 large numbers of Tatars, Azerbaijanis and Caucasian Turks migrated to the Empire. The Turkish intellectuals that fled to Ottoman Empire, Pan-Turkism began to spread out.  [5]   As it was stated before this ideology was consolidated by the impact of Western ideas and via the works of Turcologists in Europe , who showed the Turks that they belonged to such an ancient nation. The work of Western Turcologists was later followed by that of Turkish intellectuals. In a world of chaos and inequalities, many Ottoman intellectuals were influenced by the charms of nationalism. They adopted a romanticized image of the nation rising up from the ruins of a decadent empire.  [6]   However, Turkish national discourse did not gain full political content and aim until 1908 which was the date of the Constitutions declaration. This relative delay of political controversy on Turkish nationalism was not due to the ignorance of the bureaucrats and intellectuals towards the problem of saving of the state.  [7]   As we evaluate politically, the 1877-1878 Ottoman-Russian Wars, Germany and some Balkan nations close relationships and the disappointments resulted from ideologies of Pan-Islamism and Pan-Ottomanism and lastly, Ottoman intellectuals actions opposed to the bureaucrats of Tanzimat ere and reforms were all the reasons behind the emergence of Turkish nationalism in the Ottoman Empire as an alternative to two ideologies that were explained in the previous parts of our paper. All these developments prepared and formed the conditions for Turkish nationalism.  [8]   G. PAN-TURKISM Pan-Turkism refers to political, cultural and ethnic unity of all  Turkic-speaking  people. Before explaining practices of Pan-Turkism in the Ottoman Empire, noticeable personalities in this issue will be mentioned. One of the most influential and significant personality on the issue of Pan-Turkism in the Russian Empire. He was among the Tartar of Kazan region. In the periodical Tà ¼rk, his famous article was published. ÃÅ"c Ter-i Siyaset is seen as the main manifest of Pan- Turkism. He compared the 3 ideologies that Union and Progress Party pursued. Consequently, he supported Turkish nationalism as an alternative to pan-Ottomanism and pan- Islamism. Whereas traditional Ottoman elite found Akà §uras new Turkish nationalism as inappropriate, Unionist regime adopted it later. According to them, pan- Turkism was a mean to compensate the Empires African and European losses by Turkification policy at Empire and in Asia over the Turkic society.  [9]  Yusuf Akcura (1904), in his well-known article on the 3 ideologies stated that: By such a policy all Turks living in the Ottoman Empire would be perfectly united by both ethnic and religious bonds and the other non-Turkish Muslim groups who have been already Turkified to a certain extent would be further assimilated.  [10]   He also examined the advantages and disadvantages of pan-Turkism policy over the Empire. He suggested that main service of this policy would be unification of all the Turks who are being spread over Asia and the Eastern Europe, belong to the same language groups, ethnicity and religion. Among the other great nations, greater national and political unity would be created. In this unity, Ottomans would be the most powerful and civilized of all the Turkish societies. Among the ethnicities of Caucasian and the East Asian, a Turkish world came into existence. Except these advantages, there was shortcoming of this policy that can lead to the separation of the non-Turkish Muslims from the Empire. As a consequence, the Muslims would be divided into Turks and non-Turks.  [11]   Furthermore, another supporter of the Pan-Turkist ideology among the Turks in Russia was Ä °smail GaspÄ ±ralÄ ± who is a Crimean Tatar. He stated his ideas in the Crimean newspaper Tercà ¼man with the motto of unity in language, ideas, deeds. He advocated not only concept of Turkism but also Islam and Westernization. Although he was in favor of Turkish nationalism, he had avoided formulating a political Turkish identity and he had formed this unions social and cultural background , while leaving the political union to others.  [12]   It can be inferred that in Ottoman Empire Pan-Turkism was mostly dominated in the literature domain. Especially between the Russian War and Greek War, idea of Turkish nationalism was treated by Ã…Å ¾emseddin Sami, Necib AsÄ ±m and Veled Çelebi ant may of the Turkist intellectual and authors.  [13]   G.1. PAN-TURKISM AS A DOMINANT IDEOLOGY IN THE EMPIRE Until the years 1912-1913 that Balkan Wars occurred other policies pursued instead of Pan-Turkism. 1908 Revolution adjusted the way of looking the Turks and Pan-Turkist movement became popular. The reason behind this popularity was the continuous attempts of Great powers that interfered in the affairs of the Ottoman Empire. The justification of these interventions was protection of the minorities. As a result, young intellectuals adopted Turkish nationalism. The first attempt of pan-Turkist movement was immediately after from the 1908 Constitutional Period. On 7 January 1909, Turkish Association was founded. It was a cultural association and Armenians, some of the European Orientalists were also among the members. With the foundation of these kind of associations, there published some journals that had important role of the developments in pan-Turkism. As a result of Turco-Italian War, this nationalist movement was accelerated.  [14]   The Ottoman intellectuals and bureaucrats were obviously concerned about the future of the Empire. They were also imbued with patriotic feelings because of the latest conflictive political developments. In the opposition wing, the Young Turks had strongly devoted themselves to Pan-Turkism. They thought that domestic and modern changes could only be achieved through radical structural changes, not through imitation of western institutions. Political Turkism was the final ideological recourse of the Young Turks. They defended the ideology of Ottomanism in place of political Turkism even after the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 since Ottomanism was more promising in keeping the unity of the Empire. Although the Young Turks looked after the Turkish elements of the Empire and declared Turkish language as the official language in 1909, they never supported political Turkism as a solution to the problems of the Empire. For them, the most considerable objective was to keep the unity of all et hnic elements under the patronage of the Ottoman Empire, which Ottomanism was the best ideological tool for this end.  [15]   It was obvious that Committee of Union and Progress developed the consciousness of Turkish nationalism as political organization. CUP governments most important step towards a nationalist policy was the acceptance of Turkish language as the official language of the Ottoman society which eventually would be taught to all Ottoman citizens. These applications were carried out not in the name of Turkism, but of secularism and Westernism. Application of a nationalist policy on a secular line was natural in the Ottoman Empire since the emergence of the Pan-Turkist ideas, too, As a consequence, at one of the party congress Union and Progress preferred Turkish nationalism in 1911.  [16]   There were some events that were influential on this transformation from pan-Ottomanism to pan-Turkism. Congress of the Young Turks in 1902 was the milestone for clearness of anti-imperialist line. In this Congress, liberal wing that led by Prince Sabahaddin and nationalist wing broke apart. Moreover, as a result of Russian defeat in 1904 Russo-Japan War and recession of Russia from the World War I because of the Bolshevik Revolution, Turkic society in Turkistan gained their independence temporarily. This situation gave hope to Pan-Turkist ideas. With the serious defeat and loss of territory in the Balkan Wars in the 1912-1913, Ottoman Empire became Turkish-Arab Empire. Through these conditions, pan-Turkism which was only cultural issue on the Young Turks mind came into prominence immediately as a sole political option.  [17]   During the World War I, pan-Ottomanism was abandoned and this time was determinant on pan-Turkism. Public opinion and foreign policy were also affected by the advocates of the ideology by 1914. There was a question on the Ottoman Empires place in the new system of alliances of Europe. According to Yusuf Akà §ura, alliance with Germany would be the best option and he supported this choice. Russia was seen as a great obstacle on the way for Turkish unity. As the France allied with Russia, this country was not anymore one of the alliance options for the Ottoman Empire. As Britain was evaluated, the Ottomans were aware of British interest in route to India. After these evaluations, alliance with Germany was favored.  [18]   Ziya Gà ¶kalp formulated the Turkish nationalism in the articles for the journal Tà ¼rk Yurdu. With his framework, this current gained an economic dimension. Union and Progress National Economy Program caused emergence of the economic extent. Aims of this program were discharging the minority and foreign tradesmen, entrepreneurs and substitute them with Turks. In other words, this program aimed to create Turkish bourgeoisie. As we look at this national current in political realm, Enver Pasha was mostly responsible for state policy on Pan-Turkism especially for following Pan-Turkist objectives on the military domain. His ideas and inspiration of uniting Turkic people of Caucasus and Central Asia later led to the invasion of Trans-Caucasus and his personal action in Central Asia.  [19]   Through this information, the rise of Turkism would owe to the defeats of Ottoman Empire. In other words, it was a political movement which was based on the idea of a Turkish nation, came about in a period where Ottomans were defeated and Muslims were humbled, feeding on various developments. These were the Ottoman reaction against separation movements in the Balkans, the rebellious Tatar actions against Russian pan-Slavism, the new ideas brought forward by European nationalism and the studies on Turcology. However, after World War I Pan-Turkism ideology became unrealistic. The ideological debate on pan- Ottomanism and pan-Turkism continued with a different perspective. The question how to save the Empire? transformed into how to institutionalize the state that would replace the fallen Empire? However, Union and Progress Turkification policy was extremely criticized. The reason for these critics was that this policy weakened the link of the Ottomanism and it led to Armenians and Greek minorities separation from the Empire. Consequently, Ottomanism was reconsidered. H .CONCLUSION: In conclusion, How could the Ottoman Empire have been saved? That was the question all ideologies tried to find an answer. However, each of them came with different answers, it can not be said there were imcompatible differences between them. Many Young Turks who were supporters of Ottomanism, were at the same time Muslims and Pan- Turkists in their minds who were deeply entrenched in nationalism. A majority of the intellectuals were not oppose to those parts of the Western civilization that they considered functional. Supporters of the Ottomanism accepted that, so the Pan-Islamists also did. Ottoman Empires pragmatic nature also observed while investigating the actualizations of these ideologies. Tanzimat reforms were criticized by Pan Islamists. Pan-Islamism that adopted Islamic practices and cooperation between the Muslim communities defended a return to traditional values but they were also in favor of using Western techniques. In World War I, Ottomans needed Muslim Arabs support and they declared Jihad. The Committee of Union and Progress used a Western thesis against the West: nationalism. After 1913, CUP favored Pan-Turkism and put this ideology against Russia during World War I.  [20]  Ziya Gà ¶kalp who was a influential advocate of pan-Turkism, argued that Westem ways should be accepted was also criticizing the Tanzimat reformers for their loss with their own nations culture. The idea of pan-Ottomanism was tried to be dynamise during World War I became impossible with the Sevres Treaty and the idea of unifying all the Turks happened invalid and futile in the beginning of the Russian Revolution in 1918 and the Turkish War of Independence. After this ideological confusion seen in the 19th and early 20th centuries, modem Turkey which rose off the ashes of Ottoman Empire was located on a far sounder and decisive ideology.  [21]   As it is all known, Mustafa Kemal opposed to the ideologies of Pan-Ottomanism, Pan-Islamism and Pan-Turkism. He stated that the Turks had actions to do in Turkey, and acceptance of another policy would be unnecessary. The new nationalism which was adopted in the Republic of Turkey aimed at saving and developing the Anatolian Turks. Therefore, this nationalism was very dissimilar from nationalism of the Young Turk era.  [22]  However, it would be said that the Young Turk nationalism called Ottoman Turkishs attention to the existence of a nationality. Mustafa Kemal Atatà ¼rk had two major objectives: the foundation of a sovereign and independent Turkish state and to succeed this states modernization. As a result of these reasons, during the War of Independence the connection with the Sultan was cut off. Moreover, the sultanate was abolished on 1 November 1922 and the Caliphate was also abolished on 3 March 1924. By these reforms, Atatà ¼rk wanted a strong break from the past. His reforms constituted a well-organized and systematic tendency towards the West and he had the aim of achieving level of the European states in cultural, industrial, and economic fields.  [23]